Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)

Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) is an attack on data communications between two systems. It involves an intruder intercepting and relaying messages between the two systems without either awareness or permission. This attacker can then eavesdrop on and alter both the transmitted and received data in an attempt to gain access to sensitive information or disrupt communications.

In simpler terms, a Man-in-the-Middle attack usually works by inserting itself in the communication process between two devices, like a user’s computer and a website’s server. While appearing to be functioning normally, the attacker can intercept data being shared between the two devices, such as passwords, authentication tokens, and financial information.

MitM attacks can be performed using hardware, software, or a combination of the two. For example, the attacker may use a laptop with a wireless adapter connected to a router as a hardware-based MitM device. The attacker then alters the router’s MAC address to the same as the user’s computer, creating an invisible bridge between the two.

In software-based MitM attacks, malicious code is injected into the user’s device or the intended destination, allowing the attacker to redirect, examine, and manipulate all data requests and responses.

The most common motives behind Man-in-the-Middle attacks are stealing sensitive information, data corruption, and spying. MitM attacks might also be used to exploit a vulnerability, or hijack a web session, the attacker can easily modify requests and responses to insert malicious payloads, log client authentication data, or forge malicious data.

To reduce the risk of being subjected to a MitM attack, it is important to take measures to protect data communications and protect user credentials. These steps should include using secure protocols and encryption when transferring data, keeping software and systems up to date, and avoiding public Wi-Fi networks when exchanging sensitive information.