Insertion sort

Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that sorts an array one element at a time. It is considered to be one of the most efficient sorting algorithms especially when working with small data sets. Insertion sort works by comparing each element in the array to the preceding elements until the element is in its correct position.

The insertion sort algorithm is conceptually simple and its relatively straightforward implementation makes it an excellent choice for projects or homework assignments. Moreover, insertion sort is also suitable for partially sorted data sets, since it doesn’t require additional temporary storage and avoids large amounts of element moving.

To implement the insertion sort algorithm, we begin by sorting the array from element 1 to element n. All elements from element 1 onwards are already sorted. Next, we take the element at index 1, and insert it into its correct position in the sorted subarray. We then take the element at index 2 and insert it into the sorted subarray, and so on until all elements have been placed in their required positions.

Additionally, insertion sort can be adapted to work a single-ended linked list structure, since all the elements can be compared one by one. Insertion sort on lists can provide overall better performance than on arrays, since insertion into a linked list can take constant time.

Overall, insertion sort is one of the most efficient and straightforward sorting algorithms. It is relatively simple to implement, works well with small data sets, and is especially effective in partially sorted data sets.