BIOS

BIOS (basic input/output system) is the code software that controls hardware associated with computers. BIOS is stored in a semiconductor chip on the motherboard and is used as the main set-up screen for the computer. It can be used to check the hardware configuration, date and time, power management, boot order, and whether hardware is working correctly. During startup, the BIOS initiates the POST (Power On Self Test), which tests basic elements of hardware such as memory. If any problems are detected, the BIOS will issue a warning message.

The BIOS provides a user with an interface to configure hardware settings. It can also allow the edition of various parameters related to memory, drives, boot order, and the relationship between the user and the computer. BIOSs are usually developed and maintained by the computer manufacturer for each model.

BIOS is stored in non-volatile memory such as EEPROM or Flash Memory. It is limited in size and must be fitted onto a single chip, meaning hardware options must be carefully chosen so a balanced BIOS is created. Therefore, the BIOS is usually updated when new options such as powerful processors and faster memory are added to the computer.

The BIOS is an important piece of code and although modern operating systems refer to the BIOS rarely, they still use it. Examples of such usage include switching drives when booting and recognizing mass storage peripheral units, such as USB devices.

In order to increase security, more advanced BIOSs include user authentication and encryption of BIOS updates, as well as support for secure boot. Secure boot is a feature in modern BIOSs that ensures only trusted software can boot from the system.

Overall, the BIOS is a vital piece of code that acts as the bridge between the hardware and the operating system. Without it, a computer would be unable to function properly. It enables users to manage the hardware components of their computer and can help protect against malicious attacks.