Linux is a free and open source operating system based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel created by software engineer Linus Torvalds. First released in 1991 by Torvalds, Linux is an alternative to the proprietary Unix operating system, and is the leading operating system for servers, workstations and embedded systems. It is commonly used to run web servers, database servers, and mail servers, but is capable of much more.

Linux comprises of the Linux kernel, as well as a set of libraries and tools that interact with the kernel, such as GNU coreutils, as well as a wide range of user-space applications. It is largely based on the POSIX standard, and is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). This means that anyone can use and modify the source code, as long as they agree to release the changes to the public.

The Linux kernel supports a large range of hardware architectures, including PCs, embedded devices, servers, laptops, and supercomputers, and is optimized for low-level tasks such as memory and device management. It runs on a variety of different hardware configurations – from simple, single-processor PCs to sophisticated, multi-processor enterprise systems. It also offers excellent scalability and reliability, making it well-suited for mission critical applications.

Linux also supports numerous programming languages and scripting languages, including C, Perl, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, and Java, making it ideal for developing software applications. One of its greatest advantages is its open source nature – it is highly customizable and extensible, and can be adapted to specific user requirements.

Due to its numerous advantages, Linux is found on a significant portion of the global market share for computers and servers. It is estimated that around 25% of all web servers currently running are running Linux, while many of the world’s major supercomputers are powered by Linux. In addition, many of the world’s leading companies, such as Google and Facebook, rely heavily on Linux for their back-end technology.

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